Organism	Common Name of Illness	Onset Time After Ingesting	Signs & Symptoms	Duration	Food Sources
Bacillus cereus	B. cereus food poisoning	10-16 hrs	Abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, nausea	24-48 hours	Meats, stews, gravies, vanilla sauce
Campylobacter jejuni	Campylobacteriosis	2-5 days	Diarrhea, cramps, fever, and vomiting; diarrhea may be bloody	2-10 days	Raw and undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk,contaminated water
Clostridium botulinum	Botulism	12-72 hours	Vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, double vision, difficulty in swallowing, muscle weakness. Can result in respiratory failure and death	Variable	Improperly canned foods, especially home-canned vegetables, fermented fish, baked potatoes in aluminum foil
Clostridium perfringens	Perfringens food poisoning	8–16 hours	Intense abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea	Usually 24 hours	Meats, poultry, gravy, dried or precooked foods, time and/or temperature-abused foods
Cryptosporidium	Intestinal cryptosporidiosis	2-10 days	Diarrhea (usually watery), stomach cramps, upset stomach, slight fever	May be remitting and relapsing over weeks to months	Uncooked food or food contaminated by an ill food handler after cooking, contaminated drinking water
Cyclospora cayetanensis	Cyclosporiasis	1-14 days, usually at least 1 week	Diarrhea (usually watery), loss of appetite, substantial loss of weight, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fatigue	May be remitting and relapsing over weeks to months	Various types of fresh produce (imported berries, lettuce, basil)
E. coli (Escherichia coli) producing toxin	E. coli infection (common cause of “travelers’ diarrhea”)	1-3 days	Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, some vomiting	3-7 or more days	Water or food contaminated with human feces
E. coli O157:H7	Hemorrhagic colitis or E. coli O157:H7 infection	1-8 days	Severe (often bloody) diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Usually, little or no fever is present. More common in children 4 years or younger. Can lead to kidney failure.	5-10 days	Undercooked beef (especially hamburger), unpasteurized milk and juice, raw fruits and vegetables (e.g. sprouts), and contaminated water
Hepatitis A	Hepatitis	28 days average (15-50 days)	Diarrhea, dark urine, jaundice, and flu-like symptoms, i.e., fever, headache, nausea, and abdominal pain	Variable, 2 weeks-3 months	Raw produce, contaminated drinking water, uncooked foods and cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler; shellfish from contaminated waters
Listeria monocytogenes	Listeriosis	9-48 hrs for gastro-intestinal symptoms, 2-6 weeks for invasive disease	Fever, muscle aches, and nausea or diarrhea. Pregnant women may have mild flu-like illness, and infection can lead to premature delivery or stillbirth. The elderly or immunocompromised patients may develop bacteremia or meningitis.	Variable	Unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk, ready-to-eat deli meats
Noroviruses	Variously called viral gastroenteritis, winter diarrhea, acute non- bacterial gastroenteritis, food poisoning, and food infection	12-48 hrs	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, headache. Diarrhea is more prevalent in adults, vomiting more common in children.	12-60 hrs	Raw produce, contaminated drinking water, uncooked foods and cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler; shellfish from contaminated waters
Salmonella	Salmonellosis	6-48 hours	Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting	4-7 days	Eggs, poultry, meat, unpateurized milk or juice, cheese, contaminated raw fruits and vegetables
Shigella	Shigellosis or Bacillary dysentery	4-7 days	Abdominal cramps, fever, and diarrhea. Stools may contain blood and mucus.	24-48 hrs	Raw produce, contaminated drinking water, uncooked foods and cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler
Staphylococcus aureus	Staphylococcal food poisoning	1-6 hours	Sudden onset of severe nausea and vomiting. Abdominal cramps. Diarrhea and fever may be present.	24-48 hours	Unrefrigerated or improperly refrigerated meats, potato and egg salads, cream pastries
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	V. parahaemolyticus infection	4-96 hours	Watery (occasionally bloody) diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever	2-5 days	Undercooked or raw seafood, such as shellfish
Vibrio vulnificus	V. vulnificus infection	1-7 days	Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloodborne infection. Fever, bleeding within the skin, ulcers requiring surgical removal. Can be fatal to persons with liver disease or weakened immune systems.	2-8 days	Undercooked or raw seafood, such as shellfish (especially oysters)

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, flood Safety Tips

During a Flood Watch or Warning

Gather emergency supplies.
Listen to your local radio or television station for updates.
Have immunization records handy (or know the year of your last tetanus shot).
- Store immunization records in a waterproof container.
Prepare an emergency food and water supply. Store at least 1 gallon of water per day for each person and each pet. Store at least a 3-day supply.
Bring in outdoor possessions (lawn furniture, grills, trash cans) or tie them down securely.
If evacuation appears necessary: turn off all utilities at the main power switch and close the main gas valve.
Leave areas subject to flooding: low spots, canyons, washes, etc. (Remember: avoid driving through flooded areas and standing water.)

After Flooding Occurs

Avoid driving through flooded areas and standing water. As little as six inches of water can cause you to lose control of your vehicle.
Do not drink flood water, or use it to wash dishes, brush teeth, or wash/prepare food. Drink clean, safe water.
If you evacuated: return to your home only after local authorities have said it is safe to do so.
Listen to water advisory from local authorities to find out if your water is safe for drinking and bathing.
- During a water advisory, use only bottled, boiled, or treated water for drinking, cooking, etc.
When in doubt, throw it out! Throw away any food and bottled water that comes/may have come into contact with floodwater.
Prevent carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Use generators at least 20 feet from any doors, windows, or vents. If you use a pressure washer, be sure to keep the engine outdoors and 20 feet from windows, doors, or vents as well.

The initial damage caused by a flood is not the only risk. Standing floodwater can also spread infectious diseases, bring chemical hazards, and cause injuries.

After you return home, if you find that your home was flooded, practice safe cleaning. Remove and throw out drywall and insulation that was contaminated with floodwater or sewage. Throw out items that cannot be washed and cleaned with a bleach solution: mattresses, pillows, carpeting, carpet padding, and stuffed toys. Homeowners may want to temporarily store items outside of the home until insurance claims can be filed. See recommendations by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)External.

Clean walls, hard-surfaced floors, and other household surfaces with soap and water and disinfect with a solution of one cup of bleach to five gallons of water

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Jazz Joy and Roy presents, What to do during an earthquake

The steps you should take during an earthquake depend on your location.

If You Are Inside

Stay inside. Do not get in a doorway — this does not provide protection from falling or flying objects, and you might not be able to remain standing.
Drop, Cover, and Hold On
- Drop down to the ground so the earthquake doesn’t knock you down.
- Cover your head and neck with your arms to protect you from falling debris. If possible, crawl under a sturdy desk, table or other piece of furniture for additional protection. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and other items that could fall.
- Hold on to any sturdy item you can until the shaking stops.

If You Are Outside

Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.

If You Are in a Vehicle

Pull to the side of the road and stay inside until the earthquake is over. Do not stop under overpasses or power lines.

What to do after an earthquake strikes

After an Earthquake

Continue to monitor media for emergency information.
Follow instructions from public safety officials.
If you are trapped, try calling or texting for help. Try tapping on a pipe or wall or using a whistle to help rescuers locate you.
Call 9-1-1 to report emergencies including downed power lines and gas leaks....

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms

Major signs and symptoms of a heart attack.

There are five major signs and symptoms of a heart attack in women and men. Click on the image to view a larger version.

The five major symptoms of a heart attack are

Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.
Chest pain or discomfort.
Pain or discomfort in arms or shoulder.
Shortness of breath.

Other symptoms of a heart attack could include unusual or unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting. Women are more likely to have these other symptoms. Learn more about women and heart disease.

Call 9-1-1

If you notice the symptoms of a heart attack in yourself or someone else, call 9-1-1 immediately. The sooner you get to an emergency room, the sooner you can receive treatment to prevent total blockage and heart muscle damage or reduce the amount of damage. At the hospital, health care professionals can run tests to determine whether a heart attack is occurring and decide the best treatment.

In some cases, a heart attack requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or electrical shock (defibrillation). Bystanders trained to use CPR or a defibrillator may be able to help until emergency medical personnel arrive.

Remember, the chances of surviving a heart attack are greater the sooner emergency treatment begins.

The chances of surviving a heart attack are greater when emergency treatment begins quickly.

Page last reviewed: August 5, 2015

Content source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion , Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention

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Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Stroke Signs and Symptoms

Woman holding her head.

Sudden severe headache with no known cause is a stroke sign in men and women.

During a stroke, every minute counts! Fast treatment can lessen the brain damage that stroke can cause.

By knowing the signs and symptoms of stroke, you can take quick action and perhaps save a life—maybe even your own.

Signs of Stroke in Men and Women

Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination
Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Call 9-1-1 right away if you or someone else has any of these symptoms.

Acting F.A.S.T. Is Key for Stroke

Recognize the Signs and Symptoms of Stroke

View Low Resolution Video

Published October 26, 2015

When someone is having a stroke, every minute counts. Just as putting out a fire quickly can stop it from spreading, treating a stroke quickly can reduce damage to the brain. If you learn how to recognize the telltale signs of a stroke, you can act quickly and save a life—maybe even your own.

Acting F.A.S.T. can help stroke patients get the treatments they desperately need. The stroke treatments that work best are available only if the stroke is recognized and diagnosed within 3 hours of the first symptoms. Stroke patients may not be eligible for these if they don’t arrive at the hospital in time.

If you think someone may be having a stroke, act F.A.S.T. and do the following simple test:

F—Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?

A—Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?

S—Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange?

T—Time: If you see any of these signs, call 9-1-1 right away.

Note the time when any symptoms first appear. This information helps health care providers determine the best treatment for each person. Do not drive to the hospital or let someone else drive you. Call an ambulance so that medical personnel can begin life-saving treatment on the way to the emergency room.

Treating a Transient Ischemic Attack

If your symptoms go away after a few minutes, you may have had a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Although brief, a TIA is a sign of a serious condition that will not go away without medical help.

Unfortunately, because TIAs clear up, many people ignore them. But paying attention to a TIA can save your life. Tell your health care team about your symptoms right away.

More Information

From CDC:

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Jazz Joy and Roy presents,

Vaccine Safety Info

Vaccines are safe and effective. Because vaccines are given to millions of healthy people — including children — to prevent serious diseases, they’re held to very high safety standards.

In this section, you’ll learn more about vaccine safety — and get answers to common questions about vaccine side effects.

How are vaccines tested for safety?

Every licensed and recommended vaccine goes through years of safety testing including:

Testing and evaluation of the vaccine before it’s licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended for use by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Monitoring the vaccine’s safety after it is recommended for infants, children, or adults

Vaccines are tested before they’re recommended for use

Before a vaccine is ever recommended for useit’s tested in labs. This process can take several years. FDA uses the information from these tests to decide whether to test the vaccine with people.

During a clinical trial, a vaccine is tested on people who volunteer to get vaccinated. Clinical trials start with 20 to 100 volunteers, but eventually include thousands of volunteers. These tests take several years and answer important questions like:

Is the vaccine safe?
What dose (amount) works best?
How does the immune system react to it?

Throughout the process, FDA works closely with the company producing the vaccine to evaluate the vaccine’s safety and effectiveness. All safety concerns must be addressed before FDA licenses a vaccine.

Every batch of vaccines is tested for quality and safety

Once a vaccine is approved, it continues to be tested. The company that makes the vaccine tests batches to make sure the vaccine is:

Potent (It works like it’s supposed to)
Pure (Certain ingredients used during production have been removed)
Sterile (It doesn’t have any outside germs)

FDA reviews the results of these tests and inspects the factories where the vaccine is made. This helps make sure the vaccines meet standards for both quality and safety.

Vaccines are monitored after they’re recommended to the public

Once a vaccine is licensed and recommended for use, FDA, CDC, and other federal agencies continue to monitor its safety.

Check out this infographic for details on how vaccines are developed, approved, and monitored.

There are many different parts of the national vaccine monitoring system

The United States has one of the most advanced systems in the world for tracking vaccine safety. Each of the systems below supplies a different type of data for researchers to analyze. Together, they help provide a full picture of vaccine safety.

Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS): VAERS is an early warning system managed by CDC and FDA that is designed to find possible vaccine safety issues. Patients, health care professionals, vaccine companies, and others can use VAERS to report side effects that happen after a patient received a vaccine. Some side effects might be related to vaccination while others might be a coincidence (happen by chance). VAERS helps track unusual or unexpected patterns of reporting that could mean there’s a possible vaccine safety issue that needs further evaluation.
The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD): VSD is a collaboration between CDC and several health care organizations across the nation. VSD uses databases of medical records to track vaccine safety and do research in large populations. By using medical records instead of self-reports, VSD can quickly study and compare data to find out if reported side effects are linked to a vaccine.
Post-licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring System (PRISM): PRISM is part of the Sentinel Initiative, which is FDA’s national system for monitoring medical products after they’re licensed for use. PRISM focuses on vaccine safety — it uses a database of health insurance claims to identify and evaluate possible safety issues for licensed vaccines.
Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment Project (CISA): CISA is a collaboration between CDC and a national network of vaccine safety experts from medical research centers. CISA does clinical vaccine safety research and — at the request of providers — evaluates complex cases of possible vaccine side effects in specific patients.
Additional research and testing: The Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have systems to monitor vaccine safety and do vaccine safety research. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) also support ongoing research on vaccines and vaccine safety.

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Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Exercise Safety

Summary

Training too hard or fast is a common cause of sports-related injuries.
Consult with your gym instructor, coach, sporting association, exercise physiologist or physiotherapist for instruction on how to exercise safely.
Potentially harmful exercises include bouncing while stretching, standing toe-touches, full squats, straight-legged sit-ups and double leg raises.
Wear appropriate protective gear and make sure your sporting equipment (including shoes) is well maintained.
Stop exercise immediately if you are injured and seek medical advice before starting exercise again.

Regular physical activity is vital for good physical, social and emotional health. While there is a risk of injury with any type of physical activity, the benefits of staying active far outweigh the risks.

You can reduce your risk of exercise injury by:

wearing the right shoes
using the correct equipment
drinking lots of water
warming up and stretching properly.

Exercise safety advice

You can obtain information and advice about exercise safety from your doctor, a sports medicine doctor, physiotherapist or an exercise physiologist – or see a sporting association about correct sporting technique and equipment.

Guidelines for exercise safety

Some guidelines for general exercise safety include:

Use pre-exercise screening to identify whether you are at a higher risk of experiencing a health problem during physical activity. This is a filter or ‘safety net’ to help decide if the potential benefits of exercise outweigh the risks for you. Ensure you read through pre-exercise self-screening tool before you embark on a physical activity or exercise program.
When deciding if any exercise is safe, you need to consider the technique used as well as your individual condition, such as injury history and fitness level.
Be guided by a qualified fitness instructor. If you have a pre-existing injury or medical condition, consult a sports medicine doctor, exercise physiologist or physiotherapist.
There are many changes during pregnancy, such as changes in body shape and size, that pose potential risk of increased injury. It is essential that all pregnant women discuss their exercise plans with their doctor, as each pregnancy is different.
Be aware that increasing the speed of any exercise can increase the risk of injury.
Avoid or modify any exercise that causes you pain or discomfort. Don’t ignore your body’s signals of fatigue, discomfort and pain.
Cross-train with other sports and exercises to reduce the risk of over training.
Make sure you have at least one recovery day, preferably two, every week.
Remember that injuries need rest – trying to ‘work through’ the pain will cause more damage to soft muscle tissue and delay healing.

When to stop exercising immediately

Stop exercising and seek medical help if you experience symptoms such as:

discomfort or pain
chest pain or other pain that could indicate a heart attack, including pain in the neck and jaw, pain travelling down the arm or pain between the shoulder blades
extreme breathlessness
a very rapid or irregular heartbeat during exercise.

Exercises that could be harmful

Some exercises that involve fast or repetitive twisting, or long-lasting or held movements are best avoided because they can cause damage to bones and muscles. When deciding if any exercise is safe, you need to consider the technique and the load, as well as your personal circumstances, such as any previous injuries and your fitness level.

Bouncing while stretching

It is mistakenly believed that 'bouncing' as you stretch (ballistic stretching) helps muscles to stretch further. Sudden overstretching stimulates the stretch reflex causing the muscles to contract even tighter in an attempt to prevent injury. Bouncing is counterproductive as it can cause small tears to the muscle tissue, which are experienced as muscle soreness or tenderness.

Instead of ‘bouncing, try:

concentrating on slow, sustained stretches
holding the stretch for 10 to 20 seconds
once the muscle feels comfortable, gently increasing the stretch and then holding again.

Standing toe-touches

Avoid standing toe-touches altogether. Bending down to touch the toes, with straight legs, can overstretch the lower back muscles and hamstrings, and stress the vertebrae, discs and muscles of the lower back and hamstrings. Adding a twisting movement to the toe-touch can cause damage to the joints.

Alternative stretches for the abdominal muscles or the lower back muscles and hamstrings include:

Stretch the hamstrings and lower back muscles by placing one foot on a low bench or chair, with both legs slightly bent so as not to stress the knee joints and, keeping your back straight, gently reach forward with your arms.
An alternative hamstring stretch involves lying on your back with both knees bent. Straighten one leg by lifting it towards the ceiling, keeping the knee slightly bent. Support this leg by clasping both hands behind the knee. Hold. Repeat for the other leg. You should feel the stretch on the back thigh of the straight leg.
For an alternative lower-back stretch, sit cross-legged on the floor then slowly lean forward, keeping your back straight while reaching your arms out to the floor. Hold.

Deep (full) squat

Full squats push the knee joint past 90 degrees. Whether they are done with or without weights (a barbell or a weight held across the shoulders or in the hands) this can strain the ligaments, cartilage and muscle of the knee joint and lower back, and create problems with the tracking (movement) of the kneecap.

Alternative suggestions include:

Perform half-squats instead (45-degree bend of the knee).
Use a mirror to check when your knee joint is at 90 degrees. You could also ask someone else to watch you or seek instruction from a qualified fitness professional.

Sit-ups

Two common but potentially harmful variations of the sit-up include anchoring the feet (where your training partner holds your feet) or keeping the legs straight along the floor. The hands are held behind the head or neck, and the upper body lifted. These types of sit-ups strain the lower back and tend to target the muscles of the hips and thighs rather than the abdomen. Avoid this style of sit-up altogether.

Instead, perform abdominal curls. Lie on your back with your knees bent, feet flat on the floor and arms folded across your chest or alongside your body. Breathe out and curl your ribcage towards your pelvis.

Double leg raises

Avoid double leg raises. This exercise involves lying on your back and raising both legs at the same time. This places enormous stress on the lower back. Another potentially harmful variation is to lie on your stomach and lift both legs at the same time. An alternative is to perform the exercise one leg at a time, making sure your hips remain stable throughout the movement. Keep the other leg bent, with your foot on the ground.

Behind the neck press

The ‘behind the neck press’ or ‘lat pulldown behind the neck’ should be avoided, especially if you have been told you have instability in the front of your shoulder.

Stretching and exercise safety

Stretching, warming up and cooling down were previously thought to aid injury prevention during exercise. However, there is not a lot of evidence that these activities are effective in reducing exercise injury risk.

There is some evidence that warming up and cooling down might help to reduce muscle soreness after exercise, even if they don’t prevent injuries. Careful stretching can be included as part of your overall warm-up and cool-down routine. Some people also find psychological benefits in stretching and warming up to put them in the right frame of mind for exercise or to help them relax after exercise.

Warming up and exercise safety

As the name suggests, your warm-up (five to 10 minutes) should gradually warm your muscles and body temperature. The type of activity done in the warm-up should include the major muscle groups that will be used in your sporting activity.

Your warm-up could begin with a low intensity activity such as brisk walking or jogging. Stretching should be performed once the muscles have been warmed, as the stretching of cold muscles is less effective. It is also important to stretch after activity to assist recovery.

Cooling down and exercise safety

In the last five minutes of exercise, slow down gradually to a light jog or brisk walk, then finish off with five to 10 minutes of stretching (emphasise the major muscle groups you have used during your activity). This helps to reduce muscle soreness and stiffness.

Water consumption and exercise safety

You can lose around one and a half litres of fluid for every hour of exercise. One of the first symptoms of dehydration is fatigue, which causes a significant drop in sporting performance. It may also cause you to experience cramps, heat stress and heat stroke. Suggestions include:

Avoid starting exercise dehydrated. Drink plenty of fluids for several hours prior to exercise.
If you are well hydrated you should be able to pass a good volume of clear urine in the hour before exercise.
Drink at least 500 ml (2 cups) an hour before exercise.
Drink at least 150 ml every 15 minutes during exercise.
During exercise take advantage of all breaks in play to have a drink.
After exercise, drink more to ensure you are fully rehydrated.

Exercise safety in hot weather

Exercising in hot weather puts additional strain on your body. Heat-related illnesses such as heatstroke and sunstroke occur when your body can't keep itself cool. Sweating isn't enough on its own to cool your body.

Symptoms of heat-related illness can include:

irritability
general discomfort
weakness
headache
nausea
cramps.

Suggestions to avoid heat-related illnesses include:

Drink plenty of water before, during and after exercise.
Wear lightweight, light-coloured, loose-fitting clothes.
Protect yourself from the sun with clothing such as long-sleeved tops, full-length trousers, a hat and sunglasses or an umbrella.
Exercise in the cooler parts of the day – preferably before dawn or after sunset.
Reduce your exercise intensity. Take frequent breaks and drink water or other fluids every 15 to 20 minutes, even if you don't feel thirsty. If you have clear, pale urine, you are probably drinking enough fluids.
Don’t drink alcohol, tea or coffee before or after exercising, as these beverages promote fluid loss.
If you have travelled to a hotter climate, remember that it may take about 10 days of exercising before you fully acclimatise.

Exercise safety in cold weather

In cold weather, muscles are more susceptible to injuries. Safety suggestions include:

Wear appropriate warm clothing. Multiple layers of clothing trap more body heat than one bulky layer.
Devote more time to warming up and stretching before exercising and make sure you do a thorough cool-down.
Keep up your fluid intake, since cold weather prompts fluid loss.
Don’t forget sun protection – it is possible to be sunburnt even in cold weather, especially at high altitudes or on clear days.

Exercise safety and your equipment

Most sports and exercises rely on some type of equipment, such as shoes, bicycles or racquets. Protective equipment – such as mouthguards, shin pads and helmets – can significantly reduce the risk of injury by absorbing the impact of falls or collisions. Safety suggestions include:

If your sporting equipment is handheld, make sure you are using the right grip – for example, holding a tennis racquet the wrong way can increase your risk of tennis elbow (tendonitis).
Make sure your equipment is appropriate to your sport or activity and your size and age.
Wear appropriate shoes for your sport and replace them before they wear out.
Wear protective equipment during training, not just for competition and games.
Check equipment regularly and replace if worn out. If you are unsure how to maintain or check your equipment, consult with your coach or sporting association.
Injuries can also be caused by incorrect form or technique. Consult your gym instructor, coach, sporting association, exercise physiologist or physiotherapist for instruction on how to improve your sporting technique.

Where to get help

Your doctor
Sports medicine doctor
Physiotherapist
Sports association
Exercise physiologist

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Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Online Safety Tips

Be aware of these scams when you're online.

Online Security and Safety
Internet Fraud
Phishing and Vishing

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Symptoms of Food Poisoning

Foodborne Illnesses: What You Need to Know

1. Take Medicine as Prescribed—with Input from Your Health Care Provider

2. Keep a Medication List

3. Be Aware of Potential Drug Interactions and Side Effects

4. Review Medications with Your Health Care Provider

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, flood Safety Tips

During a Flood Watch or Warning

After Flooding Occurs

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, What to do during an earthquake

If You Are Inside

If You Are Outside

If You Are in a Vehicle

What to do after an earthquake strikes

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms

Call 9-1-1

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Stroke Signs and Symptoms

Signs of Stroke in Men and Women

Acting F.A.S.T. Is Key for Stroke

Treating a Transient Ischemic Attack

More Information

Vaccine Safety Info

How are vaccines tested for safety?

Vaccines are tested before they’re recommended for use

Every batch of vaccines is tested for quality and safety

Vaccines are monitored after they’re recommended to the public

There are many different parts of the national vaccine monitoring system

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Exercise Safety

Summary

Exercise safety advice

Guidelines for exercise safety

When to stop exercising immediately

Exercises that could be harmful

Bouncing while stretching

Standing toe-touches

Deep (full) squat

Sit-ups

Double leg raises

Behind the neck press

Stretching and exercise safety

Warming up and exercise safety

Cooling down and exercise safety

Water consumption and exercise safety

Exercise safety in hot weather

Exercise safety in cold weather

Exercise safety and your equipment

Where to get help

Jazz Joy and Roy presents, Online Safety Tips

Report Cyber Crime

How to Protect Yourself

Do

Don’t

Types of Internet Fraud

Report Internet Fraud

How to Protect Yourself

Do

Don’t

Phishing

Report Phishing Scams

How to Protect Yourself

Do

Don’t

Vishing and Smishing

Report Vishing and Smishing Scams